My conviction is that Scripture clearly teaches the historicity of Adam.
James Anderson has posted an excellent response to Dr. Longman by offering 12 "prima facie reasons why an evangelical view commits one to the existence of Adam as a real historical individual."
1. On the face of it, the basic literary genre of Genesis 1-4 is that of historical narrative (as opposed to, e.g., poetry, legal code, or apocalypse). This isn’t to say that these chapters can contain no figurative language; many conservative OT scholars would readily grant that they do. But it does imply that these chapters (like the rest of Genesis) are intended by the author to report important events within historical space-time. As such, there should be a strong presumption that the Adam of chapters 1-4 is no less a real historic figure than, say, the Abraham of chapters 12-25.Read the rest of Anderson's reasons HERE.
2. The first five verses of Genesis 5 not only describe events in Adam’s life, they attaches specific numerical dates to those events. This is passing strange if the author didn’t consider Adam to be a real historical figure. (This point applies equally to the human author and to the divine author!) For example, we’re told that Adam lived 930 years. Why would one make what seems to be precise factual statement about the lifespan of a certain individual if the individual in question never actually lived? (Cf. Gen. 25:17; 50:26; Num. 33:39; Deut. 34:7; Josh. 24:29; etc.)
3. The author of Genesis presents the book as a seamless historical account. There is no obvious shift from non-historical narrative to historical narrative. Rather, we’re presented with a series of narrative sections, each introduced with some variant of the formula, “These are the generations of . . .” (Gen. 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10; 11:27; 25:12; 25:19; 36:1, 9; 37:2). The implication is that Adam and Eve were no less historical figures than Noah, Shem, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Esau, and Jacob.
2 comments:
I own a book titled "After the Flood" by Bill Cooper and have even reread it a couple times. It is, if nothing else, very interesting. A worthwhile read for those interested in a secular academic approach to the historicity of Adam.
I can't vouch for the author - I really know nothing about him. Perhaps Todd knows something of the book and/or the author.
You can actually view the text of the book HERE:
http://ldolphin.org/cooper/contents.html
Good comments from Anderson (though I believe there is some grounding for belief that there's a a shift in the kind of narrative being told from Genesis 1 to Genesis 2, so I'll quibble with him on that point).
But that's an irrelevant side point to the primary issue of Adam's historicity. On an honest reading of the text, the Adam and Eve account is clearly historical, not figurative or mythical.
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